The historical importance of Ganoderma lucidum is noteworthy within traditional Asian medical systems. This thorough investigation examines the immunomodulatory properties of G. lucidum, specifically its role in modulating natural killer (NK) cells, which are crucial components of the immune response against infectious pathogens and tumors. The primary constituents of G. lucidum, which include polysaccharides and triterpenoids, have been demonstrated to enhance the cytotoxic capabilities of NK cells and stimulate cytokine synthesis. The chemical substances enhance the activation of NK cell receptors, particularly NKG2D and natural cytotoxicity receptors, thereby commencing a chain of intracellular signaling pathways that strengthen the immune response. Furthermore, the significance of G. lucidum within the framework of cancer immunotherapy is examined, highlighting its potential to induce apoptosis in cancerous cells, impede angiogenesis, and improve the effectiveness of standard therapeutic modalities. The exploration of properties of G. lucidum reveals its multifaceted role in cancer treatment, particularly in augmenting the immune system's capacity to combat malignancies and enhance therapeutic outcomes. The analysis further highlights the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of G. lucidum, specifically its ability to modulate immune responses within the context of viral infections and chronic inflammatory conditions. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for the effective integration of G. lucidum into contemporary therapeutic frameworks. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the existing research on the immunomodulatory properties of G. lucidum and its therapeutic potential in oncology, viral infections, and inflammatory conditions, while also exploring prospective avenues for further investigation and clinical application.
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